Adoption is one of the most meaningful ways to grow a family. But for many prospective parents, the emotional excitement is accompanied by a more practical concern: how much does it actually cost to adopt a child? The answer varies widely based on the type of adoption you pursue, where you live, and what kind of support services are involved.
This 2025 guide breaks down the average adoption costs by type, explains what fees typically cover, and offers financial planning tips for hopeful parents—whether you’re considering adoption, surrogacy, or both.
What Is the Average Cost to Adopt a Child in 2025?
Foster Care Adoption
Adopting from the U.S. foster care system is often the most affordable path to parenthood. In many states, it costs little to nothing—ranging from $0 to $5,000. These costs typically cover required training, background checks, and court fees for finalizing the adoption. Some states even provide monthly stipends or reimbursements to help with care costs.
Foster care adoption also qualifies for both federal tax credits and additional state-based assistance, making it one of the most accessible family-building options for budget-conscious parents.
Domestic Private Adoption
Adopting an infant through a licensed domestic agency typically costs between $25,000 and $60,000. This type of adoption includes multiple stages: home studies, legal documentation, counseling, birth parent support, and often matching services. Costs can vary based on location, agency, and how long it takes to be matched with a child.
While it is a significant investment, many families appreciate the opportunity to be involved early in the child’s life, and private adoption often includes more transparency and support than public options.
International Adoption
For those seeking to adopt from outside the United States, international adoption costs generally range from $30,000 to $50,000. This includes international travel, visa and documentation fees, in-country legal services, and compliance with both U.S. and foreign adoption regulations. Some countries may require extended stays or multiple trips, adding to the total cost.
International adoption has become less common in recent years due to changing laws and political instability, but it remains an important option for many families.
What Do Adoption Fees Actually Cover?
What Do Adoption Fees Actually Cover?Regardless of adoption type, most families will encounter several standard expenses:
- Home Study: $1,000–$3,000 for background checks, interviews, and home inspections.
- Legal Services: $5,000–$10,000 for filing paperwork and representing your family in court.
- Agency or Program Fees: $15,000–$30,000 for counseling, coordination, and placement services.
- Birth Parent Support: $5,000–$10,000 in some domestic adoptions, covering medical, housing, or counseling support.
- Travel: $1,000–$9,000 for domestic or international travel depending on the adoption’s location.
These numbers can fluctuate depending on state laws, agency policies, and your personal situation. Be sure to ask for an itemized fee breakdown before committing to any agency or professional service.
Financial Assistance & Tax Benefits
Federal Adoption Tax Credit
In 2025, families can claim up to approximately $15,000 per adopted child in nonrefundable tax credits. This can offset qualified adoption expenses like legal fees, court costs, and travel. The credit phases out for higher-income households but remains a valuable financial tool for many.
Grants & Employer Benefits
Several nonprofit organizations offer grants specifically for adoptive families. Additionally, some employers provide adoption reimbursement programs, offering anywhere from $2,000 to $10,000 in assistance. Be sure to ask your HR department if such benefits are available to you.
Comparing Adoption and Surrogacy Costs
Surrogacy Costs in 2025
Surrogacy continues to be a valuable option for families who may not be able to pursue adoption or who have specific medical or genetic considerations. However, it typically requires a much larger financial commitment—ranging from $100,000 to $200,000+ depending on whether you’re working with a traditional or gestational carrier and which services are included.
Family Building Choices
Some families explore both adoption and surrogacy as part of their parenthood journey. Understanding the financial and emotional differences between the two helps clarify what path is right for you.
For those comparing long-term costs and timelines between adoption and surrogacy, Made in the USA Surrogacy offers clear, compassionate support for parents navigating the surrogacy journey. Their services are designed to walk intended parents through the process from start to finish, providing education and coordination every step of the way.
Preparing Your Home for a New Child
Preparing Your Home for a New ChildLegal & Practical Requirements
Before being approved to adopt, families must undergo a home study that ensures their living environment is safe, stable, and appropriate for a child. This may involve childproofing, adequate sleeping arrangements, and fire safety protocols.
Buying or Upgrading a Family Home
Many hopeful parents choose to buy their first home—or move into a more child-friendly space—during the adoption process. This can align perfectly with the timing of paperwork and waiting periods.
Whether you’re buying your first home or upgrading to make room for a growing family, Property Sales Group helps families find homes that meet both adoption requirements and long-term lifestyle needs. Working with a real estate professional who understands your goals can simplify this process while keeping your timeline on track.
Final Tips for Managing Adoption Costs
Final Tips for Managing Adoption CostsStart With a Realistic Budget
Before beginning the adoption process, review your finances and establish a clear budget. Remember to factor in the full timeline, as adoptions can take anywhere from 12 to 24 months.
Build a Financial Timeline
Divide your budget across each phase of the process: home study, legal work, match, placement, and finalization. This can make expenses more manageable and help with grant or reimbursement applications.
Work With Transparent Agencies & Advisors
Choose licensed professionals and adoption agencies that offer clear, itemized costs and explain what’s included. Ask about refund policies if a match falls through and whether their services include legal representation.
Conclusion: Adoption Is a Lifelong Investment
Adopting a child is not just a financial commitment—it’s a life-changing journey filled with hope, planning, and purpose. In 2025, the cost to adopt a child can vary dramatically, but with the right guidance and preparation, it’s a journey that can be both manageable and deeply rewarding.
Whether you pursue adoption or explore other paths like surrogacy, the most important investment you’ll make isn’t just money—it’s the future you’re building for your family.
